Oracle Database 12c: Introduction to SQL

Since the early days of computers, there was always a need to store data. First, it was stored just in the computer’s RAM and later on in flat files. As the need for more data grew, newer options came into the market. Dbase was the forerunner among such technologies. It was followed by Foxbase, FoxPro etc. To suit to the Windows environment these DBMS systems either upgraded with Windows versions or there were new players in the market such as Microsoft Access. Data still kept pouring in and the need to handle such large amounts of data gave rise to the RDBMS and ORDBMS packages that we are all familiar with now. A starter among them was ORACLE. Oracle used single statements to retrieve, update or delete data from the database as compared to the programs a user would have to write for doing the same job early on.

Oracle, since its inception as a Database, has had many versions namely Oracle 1 through Oracle 8, then 8i, 9i, 10g, 11g and the latest being 12c. Each of these versions come with three main components i.e. SQL* PLUS, Oracle Forms and Oracle Reports. Oracle also comes in various Database Editions such as

• Oracle Enterprise Edition
• Oracle Standard Edition
• Oracle Standard Edition One
• Oracle Personal Edition
• Oracle Express Edition

However, the most primary component of the database in all these versions has been SQL*Plus. SQL*Plus is the application that uses a query language to perform operations such as insert, update, delete and others.

The Oracle Database 12c: Introduction to SQL, helps the delegates to write multiple queries which can also be executed as a single query using the operators provided by Oracle SQL. The Oracle SQL allows its users to store data using DDL operations, manipulate data with DML operations and control data using DCL. It also provides for Transaction Control using the TCL feature. During this course, the delegates learn to manage objects within a schema, work with different types of views, manage roles and privileges, work with external tables etc.

• Introduction
  • Overview of Oracle 12c Database
  • Understanding RDBMS Concepts and Terminologies
  • SQL and the Development Environment – An Introduction
  • The Oracle SQL Developer
  • The Schemas and Tables Used in the Course
• The Select Statement
  • Select Statement – It’s Features
  • NULL Values and Arithmetic Expressions
  • Using DISTINCT for Unique Records
  • Column Aliases
  • Using Concatenation and Other Operators
  • Using Describe
• Constraining and Arranging Data
  • Using the WHERE clause to limit rows
  • Using Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT
  • Use Order By for Sorting Rows
  • Using Substitution Variables
  • Use & and && in a SQL Statement
  • Making Use of Define and Verify
• Single-Row Functions
  • Single row and multiple row functions - their differences
  • Oracle SQL Function Types
  • Manipulating strings in a Select Query and WHERE clause with character functions
  • Using ROUND, TRUNC and MOD functions
  • Perform calculations with dates
  • Using the date functions
• Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions
  • Implicit and explicit data type conversion
  • The conversion functions
  • Nesting functions
  • Use NVL, NULLIF, and COALESCE functions with data
  • Making Use of IF THEN ELSE logic in SELECT Query
• Using Group Functions in Oracle
  • Group Functions
  • Creating Groups of Data with GROUP BY
  • Restricting Group Results with HAVING clause
• Using Joins to Display Data
  • JOINS and their Types
  • Types of Joins
    • Natural join
    • Self-join
    • Non equijoins
    • OUTER join
  • Using Subqueries
    • Subqueries – An Introduction
    • Types of Subqueries
      • Single Row
      • Multiple Row
    • The Set Operators
      • Set Operators – An Overview
      • Union and Union All
      • Intersect
      • Minus
      • Matching Select Statements
      • Using Order By in SET’s
    • Managing Tables
      • Using DML
      • Using Transactions
    • An Introduction to DDL
    • Data Dictionary Views - An Introduction
      • Overview of Data Dictionary Views
      • Structure of the Data Dictionary
      • Using the Data Dictionary
      • Querying the Data Dictionary
    • Sequences, Synonyms and Indexes
      • An Overview
      • Creating Sequences, Synonyms and Indexes
    • Views
      • An Overview
      • Creating Views
    • Dealing With Schema Objects
      • Managing constraints
      • Managing temporary tables
      • Managing external tables
    • Fetch Data With The Help of Subqueries
      • Fetch Data by Using a Subquery as Source
      • Working with subqueries with Multiple-Columns
      • Using Scalar subqueries
      • Correlated Subqueries
      • Using the WITH Clause
    • Data Updating with Subqueries
      • Manipulate Data with Subqueries
      • Using a Subquery as a Target for Inserting Data
      • Making Use of the WITH CHECK OPTION Keyword on DML Statements to make validation
      • Update and Delete rows Using Correlated Subqueries
    • Roles and Privileges
      • System Defined privileges
      • Roles - Creating
      • Object Level privileges
      • Taking Back object privileges
    • Data Manipulation
      • Overview of the Explicit Default Feature
      • Performing multiple INSERTs
      • Using MERGE
      • Performing flashback
      • Track Any Changes Made To Data
    • Handling Data in Different Time Zones
      • Understand the following:
        • CURRENT_DATE
        • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        • LOCAL_TIMESTAMP